Before Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, or Gal Costa were known to the public, Maria Vianna Telles Veloso had a hit under the name of Maria Bethânia. The song was a protest, and the passion of her conviction was unquestionable. She did not take active part in the Tropicália movement, though, although her poetry and theatrical-singing performances, given barefooted, might well have been taken as generally "counter-culture".